Heavy loads can squeeze out general purpose lubricant, leading to metal on metal and premature failure.

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Requires a lubricant with a high load-carrying capacity, high content of solid lubricants, and high viscosity with antiwear additives to significantly reduce the coefficient of friction and amount of wear under varying bearing clearances, circularity, and cylindricity.

Extreme temperature conditions include both extremely high or low temperatures. Poor-quality grease hardens in low temperatures and bleeds at high temperatures.
High Temperature:With increased temperature the lubricant can carbonize and reduces oil film thicknesses, resulting in stress on frictional surfaces that can lead to part wear, shaft seizure, and other serious issues. A five-degree rise in temperature can cause severe damage.
Low Temperature: At extremely low temperatures, the lubricant can reach a point where it freezes and will no longer flow. This limit is called pour point.​ In circulation systems, the viscosity becomes so high at that point that the oil flow is restricted. The components will then die of lubrication, leading to an early death of metal on metal.​
Most general-purpose base oils and greases can withstand moderate temperature drops at 0 ° C and much less than 10 ° C without greatly reducing performance​

Solution

Many factors can affect temperature, but the most common are the use of lubricants of the wrong viscosity, excessive loads, speeds (or both), dirt and dust buildup on components, or contaminated lubricants.
Thermal stability refers to the ability of lubricants to resist breakdown at high temperatures. Poor thermal stability can result in sludge, deposits and increased viscosity.
Viscosity is a measure of an oil's resistance to flow. It decreases (thins) with increasing temperature and increases (or thickens) with decreased temperature. These conditions explain why an oil will flow much more easily in summer at a temperature of 25 degrees C (78 degrees F), than it will flow in winter at minus 25 degrees C (minus 13 degrees F).
Not all oils respond in the same way to a given change in temperature. Many oils contain an ability to resist changes in viscosity due to a change in temperature. This property is referred to as the oil's viscosity index or VI. The higher the VI of an oil, the less its viscosity is altered by temperature changes.
Temperature resistant synthetic oils that are specifically developed to provide a lubricant with superior properties for these types of conditions.

The # 1 cause of equipment failure is contamination. 75 percent of all failures related to lubrication in systems where close tolerances of machine parts are critical. Contaminants can combine with grease and oil to cause a lapping compound that can damage part surfaces/ wear away rotating parts.
Dirt and dust particle sizes that cause the most damage are those that cannot be seen with the naked eye. These contaminants are in the size range of 4 to 40 micrometers

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When metal parts are in constant contact with each other, the last thing they need is water since it can cause the parts to rust and fall apart. This is why you need a water-resistant grease that forms a protective film on the applied surface to keep the water out. 

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Oxidation stability refers to the ability of a lubricant to resist the chemical combination with oxygen. It can result in the creation of sludge deposits and increased viscosity.

Oxidation stability is accelerated by heat, light, metal catalysts, acids formed by water contamination and other contaminants.

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